Read the below passage carefully and then answer the following questions:

The newspaper in Iran is a nineteenth   century phenomenon, with the first newspaper being published in1837 in Tehran. Sincs the beginning, newspapers have been vital tools, due to their utility to Iranian leaders in the d issemination of po litical and social opinions. Newpapers played an influential role in Iran s two major revolutions: the Constitutional Revolution of  and the Islamic Revolution of 1979. During and after both revolutions, the newspapers in Iran enjoed tremendous popularity and growth. In the 1906 revolution, newspapers played a very active and important role in social and political mobilization through their use by revolutionary leaders. During the Islamic Revolution, and immediately after, the country witnessed and unprecedented freedom in what newspapers could publish and growth in their numbers. For the first time, after more than a half century, newspers felt free to publish without prior restraints or fear from the government.

After the Islamic Revolution, the country witnessed a major growth in number and diversity in newspapers. Some newspapers in Iran have been in existence for over 60 years, though the majority have come into existence within the past 17 Years. In fact, 86.5 percent of all existing newspapers were born after the Islamic Revolution of 1979.

Currently, 85 newspapers are in publication in Iran of which 20 are dailies. The oldest existing Farsi newspapers in Iran are Kayhan and Ettelaat.  Both are published in Tehran and distributed nationally. Other major nationally distributed papers include, Abrar,, Akhbar, Iran, Jomhori Islami, Resalat, Salam and Hamshahri,  Which are also published in Tehran. In general, over 68 percent of the country s newspapers are published in Tehran. After Tehran, the largest number of newspapers in the country are published in Isfahan, East Azarbijan, Khorasan, Markazi, Gheelan, and Mazandaran, respectively.

Prior to the establishment of the first radio station in Iran in 1940, only a very narrow segment of the economic and political elite owned radios and were able to listen to foreign broadcasts. At the time, the only signals that could be received in Iran were from the British Broadcasting corporation (BBC), Germany, france,  Italy, Egypt, and the Soviet Union.

By 1938 , however, the government also began the process of establishing an Iranian radio system, with the main objective of cveating a system that could handle national communication needs, as well as providing radio programs to the public. The first Iranian radio station inaugurated on august 24,1940. The first series of transmitters consisted of 10 to 20 kilowatts and  kilowatts shortwave  medium waves. Between 1940 and 1942, Iranian radio was able to stay on the air only four hours a day. During the early stages of operation of radio,  Ministry of post, Telephone, and Telegraph (PTT) supervised the operation of the radio system in Iran. In1971, the government formed an independent national organization to run Iranian Television(ITV)system. The same organization in 1975 was expanded to include th  national radio system and was given a new name, the National Iranian Radio and Television(NIRT).NIRT was the sole governmental institution in charge of broadcasting in Iran until the Islamic Revolution of 1979. After the victory of the Islamic revolution, the NIRT was restructured and renamed the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB).

In contrast to radio, television in Iran was introduced as a private enterprise. Television in Iran was established as two low. Power stations using ten   and three   kilowatt transmitters in Tehran(1958) and Abadan(1960). These two  stations were privately owned.

Commercial television in Iran, however, did not last long. In 1971, a newly established government organization, Iranian Television, nationalized the television industry and ended commercial television operation in the country. By 1975, ITV expanded to include the national radio operation in a governmental body called the National Iranian Radio and Television. After the Islamic Revolution in1979, the NIRT further evolved to reflect both structurally and functionally, the new socio   political structure of the new iraninan society. The NIRT was changed as Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB).

QUESTIONS: Select the correct answers and mark them on the answer sheet, Base your answers on the information in the above passage only.

1- After Tehran, which one of the following provinces has the largest number of newspapers in Iran?

1) Khorasan                   2) Markazi                       3) Isfahan                       4) Mazandaran

2- The first Iranian newspaper was published in……  

1) 1937                             2) 1938                             3)1837                              4) 1940

3) Iranian newspapers played an influential role in……..  

1) the 1954 nationalization of oil industry

2) the 1906 Constitutional Revolution

3) the 1976 Islamic Revolution 

4) both 2 and 3 is correct

4) During and after the Islamic Revolution, the number of newspapers in Iran has…….

1) unchanged                 2) increased                    3) decreased                   4) none of these

5) How many percent of all existing newspapers in Iran were born after the Islamic Revolution of 1979……

1) percent                       2) percent                       3) percent                       4) percent

6) The Iranian government took over the television industry in……..  

1)1958                              2) 1979                             3)1971                              4) 1960

7) At present time, how many newspapers are published in Iran?

1) 68 newspapers          2) 85 newspapers          3) 20 newspapers          4) 75 newspapers

8) Among the foreign radios that Iranian people were able to receive, prior to the establishment of the first radio station were……..

1) Voice of America      2) Deutch Welle  

3) Radio Israel                                                         4) Voice of Arabs

9) During the 1940 s when the first Iranian radio started, its power was about…

1) Kilowatts                                                             2) 10 to 20 Kilowatts  

3) 2  to 30 Kilowatts      4) none of the above

10) During the early stages of radio operation in Iran, what organization supervised the system…….

1) Ministry of Communications

2) Ministry of Popular Culture

3) Ministry of Post, Telephone and Telegraph

4) Ministry of Information

11) Who were listening to foreign broadcasts in Iran Prior to the establishment of the first Iranian radio?

1) Politicians                                                           2) business men

3) economic and political elites                            4) only revolutionaries

12) After the Islamic revolution, the organization of radio and television was renamed as…….

1) IRTV                           2) IRIB                             3) IBIR                             4) IRIRT

13) The first Iranian radio station stayed on the air for ……

1) Only one hour a day                                         2) two hours a day

3) three hours a day                                               4) four hours a day

14) Other than Tehran, what percentage of newspapers belong to provinces?

1) 10 percent                  2) 32 percent                  3) 42 percent                  4) 68 percent

15) Whet would you suggest for the title of this passage?

1) Newspapers In Iran: Past, Present and Future

2) Radio In Iran: Past, Present and Future

3) Television In Iran: Past, Present and Future